Alien parakeets as a potential threat to the common noctule Nyctalus noctula

Abstract The ring-necked parakeet Psittacula krameri (Aves: Psittaciformes) is a widely distributed species of Asian and African origin, which occurs with over 40 alien populations in the rest world. Most established this are showing clear trend territorial expansion numerical growth. Recent reviews highlighted that one main impacts by parakeets competition threatened bat using trunk cavities as roosts. In Italy, only known reproductive population Nyctalus bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) an urban area central part country, surrounded increasing expanding parakeets. work, we updated status both Alexandrine breeding noctule region. Then, ran distribution model Maxent software to analyze environmental suitability region for connectivity Circuitscape predict possibility its occupied bats. We recorded high number individual colonies, together remarkable decline, from about 400 120 individuals, last 20 years, possibly due green management practices. Although some have already been observed study area, there no evidence reproduction surroundings colony. However, our showed noctules. As well, potential direct flow individuals centers used arrival colony should be tightly monitored surveying suitable areas bird, well identified ecological corridors. Early detection new invasions, sustainable practice, may prevent extinction southernmost common noctule.